The main line of scientific research and main practical achievements of A.K. Guskova can be represented as follows: development of fundamental etiopathogenetic classification of radiation sickness in humans (together with G. D. Baysogolov), direct involvement into the treatment, evaluation of its effectiveness and formation of the basic principles of therapeutic and diagnostic measures in radiation accidents of various types, and participation in the system of preventive measures for the staff of Mayak PA that led to the health recovery in vast majority of people (88%) out of thousands exposed persons, participation in the work of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and the preparation of the Committee’s reports concerning acute radiation effects, clinical radiation epidemiology, radiation effects on the nervous system, and involvement in the program on cardiovascular disease (radiation contribution to polyetiologic diseases).