I. I. Pelevina is engaged into the research of late radiation effect mechanisms and manifestations of genomic instability in the progeny of irradiated cells, mechanisms of adaptive radiation response of cells and biological effect of low exposure doses. She is studying the possibility of raising the effectiveness of malignant tumors radiotherapy in humans and animals by means of combined effects of radiation modifiers on populations of most resistant tumor cells (quiescent cells and in hypoxia).